Infectious Mononucleosis C
(mono, EBV mononucleosis)
What is infectious mononucleosis?
Infectious mononucleosis is a viral disease that affects
certain blood cells. It is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus
(EBV), which is a member of the herpes virus family. Most
cases occur sporadically. Outbreaks are rare.
Who gets infectious mononucleosis?
While most people are exposed to the Epstein-Barr virus
sometime in their lives, very few go on to develop the symptoms
of infectious mononucleosis. In underdeveloped countries,
people are exposed in early childhood where they are likely
to develop noticeable symptoms. In developed countries such
as the United States, the age of first exposure may be delayed
to older childhood and young adult age when symptoms are more
likely to result. For this reason, it is recognized more often
in high school and college students.
How is infectious mononucleosis spread?
The virus is spread by person-to-person contact, via saliva
(on hands or toys, or by kissing). In rare instances, the
virus has been transmitted by blood transfusion.
What are the symptoms of infectious mononucleosis?
Symptoms include fever, sore throat, swollen glands and
feeling tired. Sometimes, the liver and spleen are affected.
Duration is from one to several weeks. The disease is very
rarely fatal.
How soon do symptoms appear?
Symptoms appear from four to six weeks after exposure.
When and for how long is a person able to spread infectious
mononucleosis?
The virus is shed in the throat during the illness and for
up to a year after infection. After the initial infection,
the virus tends to become dormant for a prolonged period and
can later reactivate and be shed from the throat again.
What is the treatment for infectious mononucleosis?
No treatment other than rest is needed in the vast majority
of cases.
What can a person do to minimize the spread of infectious mononucleosis?
Avoid activities involving the transfer of body fluids (commonly
saliva) with someone who is currently or recently infected
with the disease. At present, there is no vaccine available
to prevent infectious mononucleosis.
Updated: April 1996
Source: NY State Department of Health
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